Program:
A set of instructions carried out by a computer machine to solve some given problem is known as program .In other words the functioning of a computer machine is controlled by a set instructions , known as program .
Programming:
Programming is writing instructions for a machine specially a computer . The machine which woks differently according to the instruction given to it is called a programmable machine . The job of these machines is not fixed . We can change the working plan of the machine by changing the instructions or programs . Computers are machines that can understand the instruction and work properly according to the instructions given.Programming Languages:
The languages which are used to write a computer program is called programming languages . The computer has its own language and any communication with the computer must be in the its language or translated into the language .Three Types programming languages are available . They are:
1. Machine Languages .
2. Assembly Language
3. High Level Languages
Sometimes Machine Language and Assembly language are referred to as Low Level Language .
1. Machine Language: The Computer is made of two-state electronic components which can understand only pulse and no-pulse conditions ( or 1 and 0 ) . Therefore all instructions and data should be written using binary codes '1' and '0' . The binary Code ( '1' and '0') is called machine code or machine Language . Each computer has its own machine language . So Machine language is machine dependent and the programmer should remember machine characteristics when he prepared a program . Writing a programming in Machine language is a tedious task .
2. Assembly Language : An assembly language uses mnemonic codes rather than numeric codes (as used in machine language ). For example , ADD or A is used as a symbolic operation code to represent addition and SUB or S is used for subtraction .
As the computer understands only machine language, a program written in assembly language must be translated into machine language before the program is executed . This translation is done by a computer program referred to as a assembler .
3. High level language : These language consist of a set of words and symbols and one can write programs using these in conjunction with certain rules like 'English' language . The most important characteristics of a high-level language is that it is machine independent and a program written in a high -level language can be run on computers of different makes with a little or no modification .
Some common High-level languages are given below:
FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, C .
